Geoeconomic fragmentation is reshaping global supply chains, creating opportunities for Indonesia to attract investment and advance industrial transformation. Despite its abundant critical minerals, large domestic market, and growing electric vehicle ecosystem, Indonesia faces challenges including limited technological capabilities, weak domestic supplier networks, skills shortages, and regulatory uncertainty. Indonesia–Thailand cooperation offers opportunities to combine Indonesia’s resource base with Thailand’s established manufacturing and logistics capabilities. Key priorities include electric vehicles, agro-industry, digital services, and trade facilitation. Strengthening domestic capabilities and regional integration will be essential to building resilient and competitive ASEAN supply chains.
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