Indonesia faces a more volatile global economy where geopolitical tensions disrupt trade, investment, and supply chains. .

Indonesia’s gig economy remains relatively small but continues to expand alongside digital platform development in sectors such as transport, logistics, and freelancing.

Indonesia’s trade relationship with China has deepened significantly, with China accounting for around a quarter of exports and a third of imports.

Indonesia has maintained stable domestic fuel prices despite global oil shocks, prioritising energy security and protecting household purchasing power through subsidies.

Jakarta has made measurable progress in mobility, safety, tourism, and cultural development under Governor Pramono Anung since February 2025.

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a relatively limited yet stable role in Indonesia’s economy, contributing 6–8% to nominal GDP between 2010 and 2022, with assets concentrated among a small number of large firms. In 2022, their contribution reached 6.1%, mainly driven by mining, financial services, and electricity, although their overall impact on growth remained modest.

Indonesia’s expanding partnerships with Japan and South Korea reflect a growing strategic engagement across defence, energy and technology sectors.

Critical minerals have become central to global geopolitics due to their essential role in clean energy technologies and the growing competition to secure supply chains.

Vertical educational mismatch affects nearly half of workers in Indonesia’s wage sector, meaning their education level does not align with job requirements. Wage outcomes vary depending on gender, field of study, and location.