This transformation is marked by a deepening of ties with China, including unprecedented cooperation in the contested South China Sea, and a strategic pivot towards regional partnerships within ASEAN and BRICS.

Indonesia is projected to maintain robust economic growth in 2025, driven by resilient domestic demand and strong government support for infrastructure and industrial downstreaming.

Indonesia’s Positive Investment List, introduced through Presidential Regulation No. 49 of 2021, liberalizes over 200 business sectors for foreign investment, including transportation, energy, and telecommunications.

Indonesia's nickel industry has become a focal point for Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI), driven by China's escalating demand for nickel in electric vehicle (EV) battery production.

Indonesia's micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) stand to gain significantly from the ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA), which aims to standardize digital trade and financial services across the region.

Studies of the Indonesian political economy suggest a transformation of government-business relationship from a “patrimonial administrative” state, in which bureaucrats are dominant, to a “patrimonial oligarchic” state dominated by business actors.

The Trump administration’s method of defining “reciprocal tariffs” is unconventional, basing the rate on the extent of the U.S. trade deficit with each country rather than mirroring their actual tariffs.

Just when the global economy began adjusting to the idea of a new normal under United States President Donald Trump’s reciprocal tariff doctrine, the plot twisted.

This growth is also linked to Indonesia's thriving digital economy, with projections estimating gross merchandise value could reach $200-360 billion by 2030. AI, particularly in financial services, is driving much of this progress, improving fraud detection, risk assessments, and customer experiences.