Middle Power Collaboration on Supply Chain of Critical Minerals in The Indo-Pacific: Case Study of Indonesia and South Korea

Critical minerals have become central to global geopolitics due to their essential role in clean energy technologies and the growing competition to secure supply chains. The Indo-Pacific, particularly Indonesia and South Korea, holds strategic importance given Indonesia’s vast nickel reserves and South Korea’s advanced battery manufacturing capabilities. Cooperation between these middle powers can strengthen supply chain resilience, diversify suppliers, and expand access to global markets. Key strategies include investment agreements, technology transfer, and ESG alignment. Regional and minilateral frameworks can further enhance collaboration. Strengthening infrastructure, human resources, and policy reforms will enable both countries to reduce dependency risks and support long-term industrial competitiveness.

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