Indonesia is expected to enter the final quarter of 2025 with cautious optimism, as the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) faces a volatile environment shaped by both global and domestic factors.

Thailand’s introduction of a B30-million revenue cap in 2011 to qualify for SME tax incentives has had significant unintended consequences, according to a study by the Asian Development Bank (EWP 778). Using data from all registered Thai firms, it shows that the policy led to pronounced bunching behavior just below the threshold, with firms adjusting operations to maintain SME status.

Indonesia’s pursuit of becoming an advanced economy by 2045 is challenged by concentrated trade, investment, and supply chain dependencies that heighten its exposure to geopolitical and economic shocks.

Thailand and Singapore enjoy one of Southeast Asia’s most stable and forward-looking partnerships, rooted in the absence of historical grievances and strengthened by decades of cooperation.

Indonesia’s implementation of the Online Single Submission (OSS) system has significantly improved the country’s business licensing environment by streamlining regulatory procedures and reducing barriers for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), which are central to its rapidly growing digital economy.

Thailand’s experience illustrates the intricate relationship between monetary policy and household debt, examined through a framework that separates changes in debt into net new borrowing and the Fisher effect. Findings show that monetary policy generates intertemporal trade-offs: while easing measures can relieve short-term debt burdens, they also stimulate long-term debt accumulation.

Indonesia’s Batam, Bintan and Karimun (BBK) islands present a strategic yet underutilized gateway for boosting Australian investment into Southeast Asia’s largest economy. While Australia’s outbound investment into Indonesia remains low despite recent growth, leveraging Singapore’s infrastructure, connectivity, and business familiarity offers a promising path forward.

Indonesia’s political economy has shifted from the promises of neoliberal globalisation toward a deeply entrenched oligarchic order, where dynastic politics and elite networks dominate governance and resource allocation.

Thailand offers a dynamic business environment marked by its strategic geographic position, well-developed infrastructure, and supportive investment policies. The country provides multiple pathways for establishing entities, backed by government incentives that promote foreign direct investment across priority sectors.